Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Ovarian cysts are common and can occur at various stages of a woman’s life, from puberty to menopause.

Here are some key points about ovarian cysts:

• There are several types of ovarian cysts, including:
  • Functional Cysts: These are the most common type and typically result from the normal functioning of the ovaries during the menstrual cycle. Functional cysts can be further classified as follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts.
  • Dermoid Cysts: Also known as mature cystic teratomas, these cysts develop from cells that produce human eggs. They can contain various types of tissue, including hair, skin, teeth, and even bone.
  • Endometriomas: These cysts form in women with endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of the uterus. Endometriomas develop when endometrial tissue implants on the ovaries.
  • Cystadenomas: These cysts form from the outer surface of the ovary and can be filled with a watery or mucous-like fluid. They are often benign but can become quite large.
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): In PCOS, multiple small cysts develop on the ovaries due to hormonal imbalances. These cysts are generally not harmful but can contribute to fertility issues and hormonal disturbances.
  • Cancerous ovarian cysts: these are uncommon. Women have a 1:80 lifetime risk of ovarian cancer, if there is no family history.
• Ovarian cysts often do not cause noticeable symptoms and are discovered incidentally during routine pelvic examinations or imaging tests. However, larger cysts or certain types of cysts may cause symptoms such as:
  • Pelvic pain or discomfort
  • Abdominal bloating or swelling
  • Changes in menstrual cycles
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Frequent urination
  • Feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen
• Ovarian cysts can be diagnosed through various imaging tests, including ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. A healthcare provider may also perform a pelvic examination to assess the size and position of the cyst.
• The treatment of ovarian cysts depends on various factors, including the size, type, and symptoms associated with the cyst. In many cases, small, simple cysts may resolve on their own without treatment. Treatment options may include:
  • Watchful Waiting: If the cyst is small and not causing symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring to see if it resolves on its own.
  • Medications: Hormonal birth control pills may be prescribed to help regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the formation of new cysts. In some cases, hormonal medications may be used to shrink or dissolve cysts.
  • Surgical Intervention: If a cyst is large, causing severe symptoms, or suspected to be cancerous, surgery may be recommended. This can involve removing only the cyst (cystectomy) or removing the affected ovary (oophorectomy) in more serious cases.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and to discuss appropriate treatment options based on your specific situation. They can provide guidance and recommendations tailored to your needs, taking into account factors such as the size, type, and symptoms associated with the ovarian cyst.