Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception, also known as the “morning-after pill,” refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is intended for use in emergencies and should not be relied upon as a regular form of contraception. Here are some important points to know about emergency contraception:
- There are two primary types of emergency contraception available:
- Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs): These are oral medications containing levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, which can be taken within a specific time frame after unprotected sex. Levonorgestrel-based ECPs are available over-the-counter without a prescription, while ulipristal acetate ECPs require a prescription.
- Emergency contraception is most effective when used as soon as possible after unprotected sex. Levonorgestrel-based ECPs are effective within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected sex, while ulipristal acetate ECPs can be effective up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex.
- Emergency contraception primarily works by delaying or inhibiting ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary), which prevents fertilization. It may also affect the sperm’s ability to reach the egg or the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
- Emergency contraception is generally safe, but some individuals may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, breast tenderness, or irregular bleeding. These effects are usually temporary and should resolve on their own.