Fibroids
A fibroid uterus, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, refers to the presence of non-cancerous growths in the uterus. Fibroids are the most common type of benign tumors found in the female reproductive system.
Fibroids can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus. While some women may have small fibroids that cause no symptoms, others may experience various symptoms including:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Back or leg pain
- Enlarged abdomen or a feeling of fullness in the pelvic area
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but they are thought to be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Risk factors for developing fibroids include a family history of fibroids, obesity, and African ancestry.
Treatment options for fibroids depend on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and a woman’s desire for future fertility. Treatment options include:
- Watchful waiting: If fibroids are small and not causing significant symptoms, a doctor may recommend monitoring the fibroids over time without immediate intervention.
- Medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, can be prescribed to help manage symptoms or shrink the fibroids.
- Surgical procedures: Depending on the individual’s situation and desire for future fertility, various surgical interventions may be considered. These can include:
- Myomectomy: The surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus. The form of surgery depends on the location of the fibroid. Fibroids that are larger or located toward the outside of the uterus are usually operated on with laparoscopic surgery, while interior and smaller fibroids may be a candidate for hysteroscopy.
- Hysterectomy: The surgical removal of the uterus, which eliminates the possibility of future fibroids but also results in infertility.
- Uterine artery embolization: A minimally invasive procedure that blocks the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink. This procedure is typically performed by a specially trained radiologist.
- Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS): A non-invasive procedure that uses ultrasound waves to destroy fibroids.
The choice of treatment depends on the individual circumstances and should be discussed with a healthcare provider who can provide personalized recommendations based on the woman’s specific situation, symptoms, and fertility goals